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          Python之使用pyvmomi管理VMware
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        <blockquote>
<h3 id="摘要"><a href="#摘要" class="headerlink" title="摘要"></a>摘要</h3></blockquote>
<p>官方定义：</p>
<p>pyVmomi is the Python SDK for the VMware vSphere API that allows you to manage ESX, ESXi, and vCenter.</p>
<p><a href="https://link.jianshu.com/?t=https://github.com/vmware/pyvmomi/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">pyVmomi</a> 是 VMware vSphere API 的一个 Python sdk，我们可以利用它来管理与交互vCenter、ESX、ESXi，获取我们需要的信息。</p>
<p>由于工作中需要对接vCenter，实现虚拟化平台、数据中心、物理机、物理机和存储的指标采集及监控，也需要通过启停虚拟机网卡来实现灾备切换，所以本文结合了笔者的经验和 pyVmomi 官方案例。</p>
<a id="more"></a>

<p>VMware vSphere 架构图：</p>
<img data-src="/2020/11/17/pyvmomi-sample/vsphere.png" class>

<blockquote>
<h3 id="正文"><a href="#正文" class="headerlink" title="正文"></a>正文</h3></blockquote>
<h3 id="环境"><a href="#环境" class="headerlink" title="环境"></a>环境</h3><p>笔者基于 Python3.6.7 与 pyVmomi6.5.0</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">pip install pyVmomi==6.5.0</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>VMware vSphere 版本：6.5</p>
<h3 id="连接-vSphere"><a href="#连接-vSphere" class="headerlink" title="连接 vSphere"></a>连接 vSphere</h3><p>我这里定义了一个基础的类，使用vCenter的地址、账号（默认管理员为<a href="mailto:administrator@vsphere.local">administrator@vsphere.local</a>）及密码实例化后，可以使用连接、断开连接、根据vSphere中唯一标识获取对应实例，及监控任务结果的方法。</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br><span class="line">61</span><br><span class="line">62</span><br><span class="line">63</span><br><span class="line">64</span><br><span class="line">65</span><br><span class="line">66</span><br><span class="line">67</span><br><span class="line">68</span><br><span class="line">69</span><br><span class="line">70</span><br><span class="line">71</span><br><span class="line">72</span><br><span class="line">73</span><br><span class="line">74</span><br><span class="line">75</span><br><span class="line">76</span><br><span class="line">77</span><br><span class="line">78</span><br><span class="line">79</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">from</span> pyVim.connect <span class="keyword">import</span> SmartConnect</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> ssl</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">from</span> pyVim <span class="keyword">import</span> connect</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">from</span> ssl <span class="keyword">import</span> SSLEOFError</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> sys</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">vSphereBase</span><span class="params">(object)</span>:</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="string">"""</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">    与vCenter交互的基类</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">    """</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title">__init__</span><span class="params">(self, user, pwd, host)</span>:</span></span><br><span class="line">        self.host = host</span><br><span class="line">        self.user = user</span><br><span class="line">        self.pwd = pwd</span><br><span class="line">        </span><br><span class="line">	<span class="function"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title">_connect_vc_exception</span><span class="params">(self)</span>:</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="string">""" 支持SSL连接和非SSL连接 """</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">try</span>:</span><br><span class="line">            context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)</span><br><span class="line">            context.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_NONE</span><br><span class="line">            si = SmartConnect(host=self.host, user=self.user, pwd=self.pwd, port=<span class="number">443</span>, sslContext=context)</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> si, <span class="string">"connect VC success with SSL"</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">except</span> SSLEOFError:</span><br><span class="line">            context = ssl._create_unverified_context()</span><br><span class="line">            context.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_NONE</span><br><span class="line">            si = SmartConnect(host=self.host, user=self.user, pwd=self.pwd, port=<span class="number">443</span>, sslContext=context)</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> si, <span class="string">"connect VC success without SSL"</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">except</span> Exception <span class="keyword">as</span> e:</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">None</span>, e</span><br><span class="line">        </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title">_deconnect_vc</span><span class="params">(self, si)</span>:</span></span><br><span class="line">        connect.Disconnect(si)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title">_get_content</span><span class="params">(self)</span>:</span></span><br><span class="line">        si = self._connect_vc()</span><br><span class="line">        content = si.RetrieveContent()</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> content</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title">_get_obj_bymoId</span><span class="params">(self, content, vimtype, moId)</span>:</span></span><br><span class="line">        obj = <span class="literal">None</span></span><br><span class="line">        container = content.viewManager.CreateContainerView(content.rootFolder, vimtype, <span class="literal">True</span>)</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">for</span> c <span class="keyword">in</span> container.view:</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">if</span> moId:</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">if</span> c._moId == moId:</span><br><span class="line">                    obj = c</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="keyword">break</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">else</span>:</span><br><span class="line">                obj = <span class="literal">None</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">break</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> obj</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title">get_obj</span><span class="params">(self, content, vimtype, name)</span>:</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="string">"""</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">        Return an object by name, if name is None the</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">        first found object is returned</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">        """</span></span><br><span class="line">        obj = <span class="literal">None</span></span><br><span class="line">        container = content.viewManager.CreateContainerView(</span><br><span class="line">            content.rootFolder, vimtype, <span class="literal">True</span>)</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">for</span> c <span class="keyword">in</span> container.view:</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">if</span> name:</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">if</span> c.name == name:</span><br><span class="line">                    obj = c</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="keyword">break</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">else</span>:</span><br><span class="line">                obj = c</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">break</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> obj</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title">_wait_for_task</span><span class="params">(self, task)</span>:</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="string">""" wait for a vCenter task to finish """</span></span><br><span class="line">        task_done = <span class="literal">False</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">while</span> <span class="keyword">not</span> task_done:</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">if</span> task.info.state == <span class="string">'success'</span>:</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">return</span> &#123;<span class="string">"result"</span>: <span class="literal">True</span>, <span class="string">"data"</span>: task.info.result&#125;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">if</span> task.info.state == <span class="string">'error'</span>:</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">return</span> &#123;<span class="string">"result"</span>: <span class="literal">False</span>, <span class="string">"data"</span>: task.info.error.msg&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



<h3 id="Example：虚拟机网卡启停"><a href="#Example：虚拟机网卡启停" class="headerlink" title="Example：虚拟机网卡启停"></a>Example：虚拟机网卡启停</h3><p>以下定义了一个虚拟机的类，继承 vSphere 的基类，在切换虚拟机网络适配器状态的方法中，传入虚拟机的名称、网卡的编号，以及该网卡需要做connect还是disconnect变更，就可以实现该需求。</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br><span class="line">61</span><br><span class="line">62</span><br><span class="line">63</span><br><span class="line">64</span><br><span class="line">65</span><br><span class="line">66</span><br><span class="line">67</span><br><span class="line">68</span><br><span class="line">69</span><br><span class="line">70</span><br><span class="line">71</span><br><span class="line">72</span><br><span class="line">73</span><br><span class="line">74</span><br><span class="line">75</span><br><span class="line">76</span><br><span class="line">77</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> atexit</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">from</span> pyVmomi <span class="keyword">import</span> vim</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> logging</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">from</span> pyVim.task <span class="keyword">import</span> WaitForTask</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">logger = logging.getLogger(<span class="string">'app'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">VirtualMachine</span><span class="params">(vSphereBase)</span>:</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="function"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title">change_nic_state</span><span class="params">(self, vmname, unitnumber, state)</span>:</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment"># 更改虚拟机网络适配器状态</span></span><br><span class="line">        si, message = self._connect_vc_exception_message()</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> si <span class="keyword">is</span> <span class="literal">None</span>:</span><br><span class="line">            logger.error(str(message))</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> &#123;<span class="string">"result"</span>: <span class="literal">False</span>, <span class="string">"message"</span>: str(message)&#125;</span><br><span class="line">        logger.info(str(message))</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment"># disconnect vc</span></span><br><span class="line">        atexit.register(Disconnect, si)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        content = si.RetrieveContent()</span><br><span class="line">        logger.info(<span class="string">'Searching for VM &#123;&#125;'</span>.format(vmname))</span><br><span class="line">        vm_obj = self.get_obj(content, [vim.VirtualMachine], vmname)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> vm_obj:</span><br><span class="line">            result = self.update_virtual_nic_state(vm_obj, unitnumber, state)</span><br><span class="line">            logger.info(<span class="string">'VM NIC &#123;&#125; successfully'</span> \</span><br><span class="line">                        <span class="string">' state changed to &#123;&#125;'</span>.format(unitnumber, state))</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> &#123;<span class="string">"result"</span>: result&#125;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">else</span>:</span><br><span class="line">            logger.error(<span class="string">'VM not found'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> &#123;<span class="string">"result"</span>: <span class="literal">False</span>, <span class="string">"message"</span>: <span class="string">"VM not found"</span>&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title">update_virtual_nic_state</span><span class="params">(self, vm_obj, nic_number, new_nic_state)</span>:</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="string">"""</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">        :param vm_obj: Virtual Machine Object</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">        :param nic_number: Network Interface Controller Number</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">        :param new_nic_state: Either Connect, Disconnect or Delete</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">        :return: True if success</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">        """</span></span><br><span class="line">        nic_prefix_label = <span class="string">'Network adapter '</span></span><br><span class="line">        nic_label = nic_prefix_label + str(nic_number)</span><br><span class="line">        virtual_nic_device = <span class="literal">None</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">for</span> dev <span class="keyword">in</span> vm_obj.config.hardware.device:</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">if</span> isinstance(dev, vim.vm.device.VirtualEthernetCard) \</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="keyword">and</span> dev.deviceInfo.label == nic_label:</span><br><span class="line">                virtual_nic_device = dev</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> <span class="keyword">not</span> virtual_nic_device:</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">raise</span> RuntimeError(<span class="string">'Virtual &#123;&#125; could not be found.'</span>.format(nic_label))</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        virtual_nic_spec = vim.vm.device.VirtualDeviceSpec()</span><br><span class="line">        virtual_nic_spec.operation = \</span><br><span class="line">            vim.vm.device.VirtualDeviceSpec.Operation.remove \</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">if</span> new_nic_state == <span class="string">'delete'</span> \</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">else</span> vim.vm.device.VirtualDeviceSpec.Operation.edit</span><br><span class="line">        virtual_nic_spec.device = virtual_nic_device</span><br><span class="line">        virtual_nic_spec.device.key = virtual_nic_device.key</span><br><span class="line">        virtual_nic_spec.device.macAddress = virtual_nic_device.macAddress</span><br><span class="line">        virtual_nic_spec.device.backing = virtual_nic_device.backing</span><br><span class="line">        virtual_nic_spec.device.wakeOnLanEnabled = \</span><br><span class="line">            virtual_nic_device.wakeOnLanEnabled</span><br><span class="line">        connectable = vim.vm.device.VirtualDevice.ConnectInfo()</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> new_nic_state == <span class="string">'connect'</span>:</span><br><span class="line">            connectable.connected = <span class="literal">True</span></span><br><span class="line">            connectable.startConnected = <span class="literal">True</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">elif</span> new_nic_state == <span class="string">'disconnect'</span>:</span><br><span class="line">            connectable.connected = <span class="literal">False</span></span><br><span class="line">            connectable.startConnected = <span class="literal">False</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">else</span>:</span><br><span class="line">            connectable = virtual_nic_device.connectable</span><br><span class="line">        virtual_nic_spec.device.connectable = connectable</span><br><span class="line">        dev_changes = []</span><br><span class="line">        dev_changes.append(virtual_nic_spec)</span><br><span class="line">        spec = vim.vm.ConfigSpec()</span><br><span class="line">        spec.deviceChange = dev_changes</span><br><span class="line">        task = vm_obj.ReconfigVM_Task(spec=spec)</span><br><span class="line">        WaitForTask(task)</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">True</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



<h3 id="执行"><a href="#执行" class="headerlink" title="执行"></a>执行</h3><p>在上文定义了实例化 vSphere 和切换网卡的方法后，我们使用以下代码进行调用，由于对比简单，这里不进行赘述。</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">if</span> __name__ == <span class="string">"__main__"</span>:</span><br><span class="line">    account = <span class="string">"1.1.1.1"</span></span><br><span class="line">    password = <span class="string">"administrator@vsphere.local"</span></span><br><span class="line">    vc_host = <span class="string">"xxxxxx"</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment"># 连接vSphere，生成vSphere的实例</span></span><br><span class="line">    vm = vSphereBase(account, password, vc_host)</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment"># 对该vSphere中的虚拟机进行网卡变更，返回结果</span></span><br><span class="line">    vm_name = <span class="string">"device-192.168.1.1"</span></span><br><span class="line">    unit_number = <span class="number">1</span></span><br><span class="line">    vm_state = <span class="string">"disconnect"</span></span><br><span class="line">    result = vm.change_nic_state(vm_name, unit_number, vm_state)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



<h3 id="总结"><a href="#总结" class="headerlink" title="总结"></a>总结</h3><p>由于VMware vSphere中设备众多，且有层级嵌套的关联关系，官方只提供了所有的接口文档和少量案例，更多需求额实现需要自己去开发，就如上文中的描述，首先连接vSphere（vCenter），然后针对需要的概念模型进行数据采集或者操作变更。</p>
<hr>
<p><strong><em>官方文档：</em></strong><br><a href="https://github.com/vmware/pyvmomi/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Github pyvmomi 官方地址</a><br><a href="https://github.com/vmware/pyvmomi-community-samples/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Github pyvmomi samples 官方实例</a></p>

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